Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

Luo，Yifei1,2; Abidian，Mohammad Reza3; Ahn，Jong Hyun4; Akinwande，Deji5,6; Andrews，Anne M.7; Antonietti，Markus8; Bao，Zhenan9; Berggren，Magnus10,11; Berkey，Christopher A.12; Bettinger，Christopher John13; Chen，Jun14; Chen，Peng15; Cheng，Wenlong16,17; Cheng，Xu18; Choi，Seon Jin19; Chortos，Alex20; Dagdeviren，Canan21; Dauskardt，Reinhold H.12; Di，Chong An22; Dickey，Michael D.23; Duan，Xiangfeng24; Facchetti，Antonio25; Fan，Zhiyong26; Fang，Yin15; Feng，Jianyou27; Feng，Xue28; Gao，Huajian29,30; Gao，Wei31; Gong，Xiwen32; Guo，Chuan Fei33; Guo，Xiaojun34; Hartel，Martin C.14; He，Zihan22; Ho，John S.35,36,37; Hu，Youfan38; Huang，Qiyao39; Huang，Yu40; Huo，Fengwei41; Hussain，Muhammad M.42; Javey，Ali43,44; Jeong，Unyong45; Jiang，Chen46; Jiang，Xingyu47; Kang，Jiheong48; Karnaushenko，Daniil49; Khademhosseini，Ali50; Kim，Dae Hyeong51; Kim，Il Doo52; Kireev，Dmitry5,6; Kong，Lingxuan15; Lee，Chengkuo36,53,54,55; Lee，Nae Eung56; Lee，Pooi See57,58; Lee，Tae Woo59,60,61,62; Li，Fengyu63; Li，Jinxing64; Liang，Cuiyuan65; Lim，Chwee Teck66,67,68; Lin，Yuanjing69; Lipomi，Darren J.70; Liu，Jia71; Liu，Kai72; Liu，Nan73; Liu，Ren71; Liu，Yuxin1,74; Liu，Yuxuan75; Liu，Zhiyuan76; Liu，Zhuangjian30; Loh，Xian Jun1; Lu，Nanshu77; Lv，Zhisheng1; Magdassi，Shlomo78; Malliaras，George G.79; Matsuhisa，Naoji80; Nathan，Arokia81; Niu，Simiao82; Pan，Jieming36; Pang，Changhyun83; Pei，Qibing84; Peng，Huisheng27; Qi，Dianpeng65; Ren，Huaying85; Rogers，John A.86,87; Rowe，Aaron88,89; Schmidt，Oliver G.49,90,91; Sekitani，Tsuyoshi92; Seo，Dae Gyo59; Shen，Guozhen93; Sheng，Xing94; Shi，Qiongfeng36,53,54; Someya，Takao95; Song，Yanlin96; Stavrinidou，Eleni97; Su，Meng96; Sun，Xuemei27; Takei，Kuniharu98; Tao，Xiao Ming99; Tee，Benjamin C.K.100,101; Thean，Aaron Voon Yew36,102; Trung，Tran Quang56; Wan，Changjin103; Wang，Huiliang104; Wang，Joseph105; Wang，Ming106,107; Wang，Sihong108; Wang，Ting109; Wang，Zhong Lin110,111; Weiss，Paul S.112; Wen，Hanqi15,113; Xu，Sheng114; Xu，Tailin115; Yan，Hongping9; Yan，Xuzhou72; Yang，Hui116; Yang，Le1,117; Yang，Shuaijian118; Yin，Lan119; Yu，Cunjiang120; Yu，Guihua121; Yu，Jing57; Yu，Shu Hong122; Yu，Xinge123; Zamburg，Evgeny36,102; Zhang，Haixia124,125; Zhang，Xiangyu36,102; Zhang，Xiaosheng126; Zhang，Xueji115; Zhang，Yihui18; Zhang，Yu36,102; Zhao，Siyuan71; Zhao，Xuanhe127; Zheng，Yuanjin128; Zheng，Yu Qing129; Zheng，Zijian130; Zhou，Tao131; Zhu，Bowen132; Zhu，Ming133; Zhu，Rong134; Zhu，Yangzhi135; Zhu，Yong136; Zou，Guijin30; Chen，Xiaodong1,137

2023-03-09

10.1021/acsnano.2c12606

ACS Nano   影响因子和分区

1936-0851

1936-086X

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.

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Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.

Bioelectronics Body Area Sensor Networks Conformable Sensors Flexible Electronics Human-machine Interfaces Mechanics Engineering Soft Materials Sustainable Electronics Technology Translation Bioelectronics Body Area Sensor Networks Conformable Sensors Flexible Electronics Human-machine Interfaces Mechanics Engineering Soft Materials Sustainable Electronics Technology Translation

SCI ; EI

英语

NI期刊 ; ESI热点 ; ESI高被引

其他

WOS:000979507900001

20231213746936

Sensor networks ; Sustainable development

Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial:715

2-s2.0-85150042634

Scopus

1.Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE),Agency for Science,Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis,138634,Singapore
2.Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX),School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798,Singapore
3.Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of Houston,Houston,77024,United States
4.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Yonsei University,Seoul,03722,South Korea
5.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,The University of Texas at Austin,Austin,78712,United States
6.Microelectronics Research Center,The University of Texas at Austin,Austin,78758,United States
7.Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,California NanoSystems Institute,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior,Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
8.Colloid Chemistry Department,Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces,Potsdam,14476,Germany
9.Department of Chemical Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,94305,United States
10.Laboratory of Organic Electronics,Department of Science and Technology,Campus Norrko¨ping,Linko¨ping University,Linko¨ping,83,Sweden
11.Wallenberg Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability (WISE) and Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC),Stockholm,SE-100 44,Sweden
12.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Stanford University,Stanford,94301,United States
13.Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Carnegie Mellon University,Pittsburgh,15213,United States
14.Department of Bioengineering,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
15.School of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,637457,Singapore
16.Nanobionics Group,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Monash University,Clayton,3800,Australia
17.Monash Institute of Medical Engineering,Monash University,Clayton,3800,Australia
18.Applied Mechanics Laboratory,Department of Engineering Mechanics,Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China
19.Division of Materials of Science and Engineering,Hanyang University,Seongdong-gu,222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul,04763,South Korea
20.School of Mechanical Engineering,Purdue University,West Lafayette,47906,United States
21.Media Lab,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,02139,United States
22.Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100190,China
23.Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,27606,United States
24.Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,California NanoSystems Institute,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
25.Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center,Northwestern University,Evanston,60208,United States
26.Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Kowloon,Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR,Hong Kong
27.State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers,Department of Macromolecular Science,Laboratory of Advanced Materials,Fudan University,Shanghai,200438,China
28.Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology,Department of Engineering Mechanics,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China
29.School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798,Singapore
30.Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC),Agency for Science,Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore,1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis,138632,Singapore
31.Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering,California Institute of Technology,Pasadena,91125,United States
32.Department of Chemical Engineering,Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,Applied Physics Program,and Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program,University of Michigan,Ann Arbor,48109,United States
33.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China
34.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication,School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China
35.Institute for Health Innovation and Technology,National University of Singapore,Singapore,117599,Singapore
36.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,National University of Singapore,Singapore,117583,Singapore
37.The N.1 Institute for Health,National University of Singapore,Singapore,117456,Singapore
38.School of Electronics and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China
39.School of Fashion and Textiles,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Kowloon,Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR,Hong Kong
40.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,California NanoSystems Institute,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
41.Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE),Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech),Nanjing,30 South Puzhu Road,211816,China
42.mmh Labs,Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Purdue University,West Lafayette,47906,United States
43.Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,University of California,Berkeley,94720,United States
44.Materials Sciences Division,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Berkeley,94720,United States
45.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Pohang University of Science and Engineering (POSTECH),Pohang,Gyeong-buk,37673,South Korea
46.Department of Electronic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China
47.Department of Biomedical Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,No 1088, Xueyuan Road, Guangdong,518055,China
48.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,34141,South Korea
49.Research Center for Materials,Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN),Chemnitz University of Technology,Chemnitz,09126,Germany
50.Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation,Los Angeles,United States
51.Center for Nanoparticle Research,Institute for Basic Science (IBS),School of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Seoul National University,Seoul,08826,South Korea
52.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST),Daejeon,291 Daehak-ro,34141,South Korea
53.Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM),National University of Singapore,Singapore,117608,Singapore
54.National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI),Suzhou,Suzhou Industrial Park,215123,China
55.NUS Graduate School-Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP),National University of Singapore,Singapore,119077,Singapore
56.School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering,Sungkyunkwan University,Suwon,Kyunggi-do,16419,South Korea
57.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798,Singapore
58.Singapore-HUJ Alliance for Research and Enterprise (SHARE),Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE),Singapore,138602,Singapore
59.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Seoul National University,Seoul,08826,South Korea
60.School of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Seoul National University,Seoul,08826,South Korea
61.Institute of Engineering Research,Research Institute of Advanced Materials,Seoul National University,Seoul,08826,South Korea
62.Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering,Seoul National University,Seoul,08826,South Korea
63.College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Jinan University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510632,China
64.Department of Biomedical Engineering,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Neuroscience Program,BioMolecular Science Program,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering,Michigan State University,East Lansing,48823,United States
65.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,Heilongjiang,150001,China
66.Department of Biomedical Engineering,National University of Singapore,Singapore,117583,Singapore
67.Mechanobiology Institute,National University of Singapore,Singapore,117411,Singapore
68.Institute for Health Innovation and Technology,National University of Singapore,Singapore,119276,Singapore
69.School of Microelectronics,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,518055,China
70.Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering,University of California,San Diego,La Jolla,92093-0448,United States
71.John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Harvard University,Boston,02134,United States
72.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China
73.Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials,College of Chemistry,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China
74.Department of Biomedical Engineering,N.1 Institute for Health,Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech),National University of Singapore,Singapore,119077,Singapore
75.Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,27695,United States
76.Neural Engineering Centre,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen,518055,China
77.Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Texas Materials Institute,The University of Texas at Austin,Austin,78712,United States
78.Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Jerusalem,9190401,Israel
79.Electrical Engineering Division,Department of Engineering,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,CB3 0FA,United Kingdom
80.Institute of Industrial Science,The University of Tokyo,Meguro-ku,4-6-1 Komaba, Tokyo,153-8505,Japan
81.Darwin College,University of Cambridge,Cambridge,CB3 9EU,United Kingdom
82.Department of Biomedical Engineering,Rutgers University,Piscataway,08854,United States
83.School of Chemical Engineering and Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology,Sungkyunkwan University,Suwon,16419,South Korea
84.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,California NanoSystems Institute,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
85.Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
86.Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics,Northwestern University,Evanston,60208,United States
87.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Chemistry,Department of Neurological Surgery,Northwestern University,Evanston,60208,United States
88.Becton,Dickinson and Company,Anaheim,1268 N. Lakeview Avenue,92807,United States
89.Ready,Set,Food!,Encino,15821 Ventura Blvd #450,91436,United States
90.Material Systems for Nanoelectronics,Chemnitz University of Technology,Chemnitz,09107,Germany
91.Nanophysics,Faculty of Physics,TU Dresden,Dresden,01062,Germany
92.The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN),Osaka University,Osaka,5670047,Japan
93.School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081,China
94.Department of Electronic Engineering,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology,Institute for Precision Medicine,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology,IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China
95.Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems,Graduate School of Engineering,The University of Tokyo,Tokyo,113-8656,Japan
96.Key Laboratory of Green Printing,Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,Beijing,100190,China
97.Laboratory of Organic Electronics,Department of Science and Technology,Linko¨ping University,Norrkoping,SE-601 74,Sweden
98.Department of Physics and Electronics,Osaka Metropolitan University,Sakai,Osaka,599-8531,Japan
99.Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems,School of Fashion and Textiles,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong
100.Materials Science and Engineering,National University of Singapore,Singapore,117575,Singapore
101.iHealthtech,National University of Singapore,Singapore,119276,Singapore
102.Singapore Hybrid-Integrated Next-Generation µ-Electronics Centre (SHINE),Singapore,117583,Singapore
103.School of Electronic Science and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,210023,China
104.Department of Biomedical Engineering,University of Texas at Austin,Austin,78712,United States
105.Department of Nanoengineering,University of California,San Diego,92093,United States
106.Frontier Institute of Chip and System,State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems,Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433,China
107.The Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute,Shanghai,41th Floor, AI Tower, No.701 Yunjin Road,200232,China
108.Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering,The University of Chicago,Chicago,60637,United States
109.State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors,Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM),Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing,9 Wenyuan Road,210023,China
110.Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100083,China
111.Georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,30332-0245,United States
112.California NanoSystems Institute,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,Department of Bioengineering,and Department of Materials Science and Engineering,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,90095,United States
113.Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU,Jiaxing,Zhejiang,314000,China
114.Department of Nanoengineering,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Materials Science and Engineering Program,Department of Bioengineering,University of California San Diego,La Jolla,92093,United States
115.School of Biomedical Engineering,Health Science Center,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518060,China
116.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences,Department of Chemistry,School of Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin,300072,China
117.Department of Materials Science and Engineering,National University of Singapore (NUS),Singapore,9 Engineering Drive 1,117575,Singapore
118.School of Biomedical Sciences,Faculty of Biological Sciences,University of Leeds,Leeds,LS2 9JT,United Kingdom
119.School of Materials Science and Engineering,The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China
120.Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Department of Material Science and Engineering,Materials Research Institute,Pennsylvania State University,University Park,16802,United States
121.Materials Science and Engineering Program,Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering,The University of Texas at Austin,Austin,78712,United States
122.Department of Chemistry,Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry,Hefei National Research Center for Physical Science at the Microscale,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,230026,China
123.Department of Biomedical Engineering,City University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong
124.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China
125.Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits,School of Integrated Circuits,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China
126.School of Electronic Science and Engineering,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu,611731,China
127.Department of Mechanical Engineering,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge,02139,United States
128.Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems,School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,50 Nanyang Avenue,639798,Singapore
129.National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication;,School of Integrated Circuits,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China
130.Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology,Faculty of Science,Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems,Research Institute for Smart Energy,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hung Hom,Kowloon,Hong Kong
131.Center for Neural Engineering,Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics,The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,Materials Research Institute,The Pennsylvania State University,University Park,16802,United States
132.Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province,School of Engineering,Westlake University,Hangzhou,310024,China
133.Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS),Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,59 Nanyang Drive,636921,Singapore
134.Department of Precision Instrument,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084,China
135.Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation,Los Angeles,90064,United States
136.Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Department of Biomedical Engineering,North Carolina State University,Raleigh,27695,United States
137.Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX),Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,639798,Singapore

Luo，Yifei,Abidian，Mohammad Reza,Ahn，Jong Hyun,et al. Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors[J]. ACS Nano,2023,17:5211-5295.

Luo，Yifei.,Abidian，Mohammad Reza.,Ahn，Jong Hyun.,Akinwande，Deji.,Andrews，Anne M..,...&Chen，Xiaodong.(2023).Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors.ACS Nano,17,5211-5295.

Luo，Yifei,et al."Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors".ACS Nano 17(2023):5211-5295.