Continuous epitaxy of single-crystal graphite films by isothermal carbon diffusion through nickel

Zhang，Zhibin1; Ding，Mingchao2,3; Cheng，Ting4,5; Qiao，Ruixi6; Zhao，Mengze1; Luo，Mingyan7; Wang，Enze8; Sun，Yufei8; Zhang，Shuai9; Li，Xingguang1; Zhang，Zhihong1; Mao，Hancheng10; Liu，Fang1; Fu，Ying11; Liu，Kehai11; Zou，Dingxin12; Liu，Can1; Wu，Muhong6,11,13; Fan，Chuanlin10; Zhu，Qingshan10; Wang，Xinqiang1; Gao，Peng6; Li，Qunyang9; Liu，Kai8; Zhang，Yuanbo7; Bai，Xuedong2,3,11; Yu，Dapeng12; Ding，Feng4,14; Wang，Enge6,11,15; Liu，Kaihui1,6,11

2022

10.1038/s41565-022-01230-0

Nature Nanotechnology   影响因子和分区

1748-3387

1748-3395

Multilayer van der Waals (vdW) film materials have attracted extensive interest from the perspective of both fundamental research and technology. However, the synthesis of large, thick, single-crystal vdW materials remains a great challenge because the lack of out-of-plane chemical bonds weakens the epitaxial relationship between neighbouring layers. Here we report the continuous epitaxial growth of single-crystal graphite films with thickness up to 100,000 layers on high-index, single-crystal nickel (Ni) foils. Our epitaxial graphite films demonstrate high single crystallinity, including an ultra-flat surface, centimetre-size single-crystal domains and a perfect AB-stacking structure. The exfoliated graphene shows excellent physical properties, such as a high thermal conductivity of ~2,880 W m K, intrinsic Young’s modulus of ~1.0 TPa and low doping density of ~2.2 × 10 cm. The growth of each single-crystal graphene layer is realized by step edge-guided epitaxy on a high-index Ni surface, and continuous growth is enabled by the isothermal dissolution–diffusion–precipitation of carbon atoms driven by a chemical potential gradient between the two Ni surfaces. The isothermal growth enables the layers to grow at optimal conditions, without stacking disorders or stress gradients in the final graphite. Our findings provide a facile and scalable avenue for the synthesis of high-quality, thick vdW films for various applications.

SCI

英语

NI期刊 ; NI论文

通讯

Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research[2021B0301030002] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China["52025023","51991342","52021006","11888101","92163206","52172035","52125307","T2188101"] ; Key R&D Programme of Guangdong Province["2019B010931001","2018B030327001"] ; National Key R&D Programme of China["2021YFB3200303","2021YFA1400502"] ; Strategic Priority Research Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB33000000] ; Beijing Natural Science Foundation[JQ19004] ; Institute for Basic Science of South Korea[IBS-R019-D1]

Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Materials Science

Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

WOS:000874394200004

NATURE PORTFOLIO

2-s2.0-85140907023

Scopus

1.State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics,Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing,China
2.Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
3.School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
4.Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials,Institute for Basic Science,Ulsan,South Korea
5.College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Peking University,Beijing,China
6.International Centre for Quantum Materials,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter,Peking University,Beijing,China
7.State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics,Fudan University,Shanghai,China
8.State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing,China
9.State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment,Applied Mechanics Laboratory,Tsinghua University,Beijing,China
10.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
11.Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,Dongguan,China
12.Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China
13.Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials,Peking University,Beijing,China
14.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,South Korea
15.School of Physics,Liaoning University,Shenyang,China

Zhang，Zhibin,Ding，Mingchao,Cheng，Ting,et al. Continuous epitaxy of single-crystal graphite films by isothermal carbon diffusion through nickel[J]. Nature Nanotechnology,2022.

Zhang，Zhibin.,Ding，Mingchao.,Cheng，Ting.,Qiao，Ruixi.,Zhao，Mengze.,...&Liu，Kaihui.(2022).Continuous epitaxy of single-crystal graphite films by isothermal carbon diffusion through nickel.Nature Nanotechnology.

Zhang，Zhibin,et al."Continuous epitaxy of single-crystal graphite films by isothermal carbon diffusion through nickel".Nature Nanotechnology (2022).