A Review of Water Stress and Water Footprint Accounting

Wang, Dan1; Hubacek, Klaus1; Shan, Yuli1; Gerbens-Leenes, Winnie1; Liu, Junguo2

2021

10.3390/w13020201

WATER   影响因子和分区

2073-4441

Production and consumption activities deplete freshwater, generate water pollution and may further lead to water stress. The accurate measurement of water stress is a precondition for sustainable water management. This paper reviews the literature on physical water stress induced by blue and green water use and by water pollution. Specifically, we clarify several key concepts (i.e., water stress, scarcity, availability, withdrawal, consumption and the water footprint) for water stress evaluation, and review physical water stress indicators in terms of quantity and quality. Furthermore, we identify research gaps in physical water stress assessment, related to environmental flow requirements, return flows, outsourcing of water pollution and standardization of terminology and approaches. These research gaps can serve as venues for further research dealing with the evaluation and reduction of water stress.

water footprint water stress water scarcity water quality

SCI ; EI ; SSCI

英语

其他

National Natural Science Foundation of China[41625001] ; High-level Special Funding of the Southern University of Science and Technology["G02296302","G02296402"] ; China Scholarship Council[201908440332] ; Strategic Priority Research Programof theChineseAcademy of Sciences[XDA20060401]

Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Water Resources

Environmental Sciences ; Water Resources

WOS:000612063100001

MDPI

20210509840083

Oil spills ; Quality control ; Water conservation ; Water management

Water Resources:444 ; Water Pollution:453 ; Water Pollution Sources:453.1 ; Quality Assurance and Control:913.3

Web of Science

1.Univ Groningen, Energy Sustainabil Res Inst Groningen ESRIG, Integrated Res Energy Environm & Soc IREES, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
2.Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shenzhen 518055, Peoples R China

Wang, Dan,Hubacek, Klaus,Shan, Yuli,et al. A Review of Water Stress and Water Footprint Accounting[J]. WATER,2021,13(2).

Wang, Dan,Hubacek, Klaus,Shan, Yuli,Gerbens-Leenes, Winnie,&Liu, Junguo.(2021).A Review of Water Stress and Water Footprint Accounting.WATER,13(2).

Wang, Dan,et al."A Review of Water Stress and Water Footprint Accounting".WATER 13.2(2021).