Improved Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall simulation: the significance of reassessing the autoconversion parameterization in coupled climate model (Jun, 10.1007/s00382-024-07243-w, 2024)

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:30:51 GMT

题名: Improved Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall simulation: the significance of reassessing the autoconversion parameterization in coupled climate model (Jun, 10.1007/s00382-024-07243-w, 2024) 作者: Bhowmik, Moumita; Hazra, Anupam; Srivastava, Ankur; Mudiar, Dipjyoti; Chaudhari, Hemantkumar S.; Rao, Suryachandra A.; Wang, Lian-Ping

Running-in behavior of dual-mobility cup during the gait cycle: A finite element analysis

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:06:06 GMT

题名: Running-in behavior of dual-mobility cup during the gait cycle: A finite element analysis 作者: Hidayat, Taufiq; Ismail, Rifky; Tauviqirrahman, Mohammad; Saputra, Eko; Ammarullah, Muhammad Imam; Lamura, M. Danny Pratama; Bayuseno, Athanasius Priharyoto; Jamari 摘要: ["Graphical abstract","The running-in process is considered an essential aspect of the comprehensive wear process. The phenomenon of running-in occurs during the initial stages of wear in the prosthetic hip joint. Within the field of tribology, the running-in phenomenon of the hip joint pertains to the mechanism by which the contact surfaces of the artificial hip joint components are adjusted and a suitable lubricating film is formed. During the process of hip joint running-in, there is an interaction between the metal surface of the ball and the joint cup, which results in adjustments being made until a steady state is achieved. The achievement of desirable wear existence and reliable performance of artificial hip joint components are reliant upon the tribological running-in of the hip joint. Despite the establishment of current modeling approaches, there remains a significant lack of understanding concerning running-in wear, particularly the metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) articulations in dual-mobility cups (DMC). An essential aspect to consider is the running-in phase of the dual mobility component. The present study employed finite element analysis to investigate the running-in behavior of dual mobility cups, wherein femoral head components were matched with polyethylene liners of varying thicknesses. The analysis of the running-in phase was conducted during the normal gait cycle. The results of this investigation may be utilized to design a dual-mobility prosthetic hip joint that exhibits minimal running-in wear."]

Mechanical properties of advanced materials and structures for energy absorption

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 09:05:51 GMT

题名: Mechanical properties of advanced materials and structures for energy absorption 作者: Zhang, Xin; Xiang, Xinmei

Multi-scale fluid physics in oceanic flows: new insights from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 08:57:00 GMT

题名: Multi-scale fluid physics in oceanic flows: new insights from laboratory experiments and numerical simulations 作者: Cenedese, Claudia; Huang, Shi-Di; Jiang, Houshuo; Yuan, Yeping; Zhou, Sheng-Qi

Flow and aerodynamic noise control of a circular cylinder by local blowing

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 08:32:47 GMT

题名: Flow and aerodynamic noise control of a circular cylinder by local blowing 作者: Maryami, Reza; Arcondoulis, Elias J. G.; Liu, Yu 摘要: In this experimental study, the impact of symmetric local blowing on suppressing the vortex-induced noise of a circular cylinder was investigated. A highly instrumented cylinder with pressure taps and a series of blowing chambers was used to inject air along the span (seven times the cylinder diameter) at circumferential angles theta(b) = +/- 41 degrees, +/- 90 degrees and +/- 131 degrees corresponding to the boundary layer, shear layers on the cylinder and separated shear layers, respectively. The investigation aimed to understand the noise reduction mechanism of local blowing by conducting near-field pressure and far-field noise measurements in synchronisation with flow field velocity measurements. Near-field pressure was measured around the circumference of the cylinder using a remote-sensing technique and planar particle image velocimetry was implemented to measure the velocity of the wake flow field at a diameter-based Reynolds number of Re = 7 x 10(4). The results revealed that the interaction of the rolling up separated shear layers, under the influence of high-momentum fluid travelling from the free stream to the wake, induced significant vertical flow movement in the vortex-formation region. This movement led to strong alternating surface pressure fluctuations at the cylinder's shoulders, contributing to the scattering of noise. It was demonstrated that local blowing delayed vortex shedding for all cases, except at theta(b) = +/- 90 degrees, which elongated the shear layers and pushed the high-momentum transfer area farther downstream. The application of local blowing at theta(b) = +/- 41 degrees was particularly effective in increasing the vortex formation size due to reduced entrainment of fluid-bearing vorticity.

Photo-steered rapid and multimodal locomotion of 3D-printed tough hydrogel robots

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 08:28:57 GMT

题名: Photo-steered rapid and multimodal locomotion of 3D-printed tough hydrogel robots 作者: Dong, Min; Liu, Weixuan; Dai, Chen Fei; Jiao, Dejin; Zhu, Qing Li; Hong, Wei; Yin, Jun; Zheng, Qiang; Wu, Zi Liang 摘要: ["Hydrogels are an ideal material to develop soft robots. However, it remains a grand challenge to develop miniaturized hydrogel robots with mechanical robustness, rapid actuation, and multi-gait motions. Reported here is a facile strategy to fabricate hydrogel-based soft robots by three-dimensional (3D) printing of responsive and nonresponsive tough gels for programmed morphing and locomotion upon stimulations. Highly viscoelastic poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid-co-N-isopropyl acrylamide) aqueous solutions, as well as their mixtures, are printed with multiple nozzles into 3D constructs followed by incubation in a solution of zirconium ions to form robust carboxyl-Zr4+ coordination complexes, to produce tough metallo-supramolecular hydrogel fibers. Gold nanorods are incorporated into ink to afford printed gels with response to light. Owing to the mechanical excellence and small diameter of gel fibers, the printed hydrogel robots exhibit high robustness, fast response, and agile motions when remotely steered by dynamic light. The design of printed constructs and steering with spatiotemporal light allow for multimodal motions with programmable trajectories of the gel robots. The hydrogel robots can walk, turn, flip, and transport cargos upon light stimulations. Such printed hydrogels with good mechanical performances, fast response, and agile locomotion may open opportunities for soft robots in biomedical and engineering fields.","Tough hydrogel-based soft robots are devised by extrusion-based 3D printing of metallosupramolecular gels with different responses, which exhibit agile multi-gait locomotion and task execution upon dynamic light stimulations."]

Transition to fully developed turbulence in liquid-metal convection facilitated by spatial confinement

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 04:49:28 GMT

题名: Transition to fully developed turbulence in liquid-metal convection facilitated by spatial confinement 作者: Ren, Lei; Tao, Xin; Xia, Ke-Qing; Xie, Yi-Chao 摘要: Using thermal convection in liquid metal, we show that strong spatial confinement not only delays the onset Rayleigh number Ra-c of Rayleigh-B & eacute;nard instability but also postpones the various flow-state transitions. The Ra-c and the transition to fully developed turbulence Rayleigh number Ra(f )depend on the aspect ratio Gamma with Ra-c similar to Gamma-4.05 and Ra-f similar to Gamma-3.01, implying that the stabilization effects caused by the strong spatial confinement are weaker on the transition to fully developed turbulence when compared with that on the onset. When the flow state is characterized by the supercritical Rayleigh number Ra/Ra-c (Ra is the Rayleigh number), our study shows that the transition to fully developed turbulence in strongly confined geometries is advanced. For example, while the flow becomes fully developed turbulence at Ra approximate to 200Ra(c) in a Gamma = 1 cell, the same transition in a Gamma = 1/20 cell only requires Ra approximate to 3Ra(c). Direct numerical simulation and linear stability analysis show that in the strongly confined regime, multiple vertically stacked roll structures appear just above the onset of convection. With an increase of the driving strength, the flow switches between different -roll states stochastically, resulting in no well-defined large-scale coherent flow. Owing to this new mechanism that only exists in systems with Gamma < 1, the flow becomes turbulent in a much earlier stage. These findings shed new light on how turbulence is generated in strongly confined geometries.

FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION METHOD FOR A PLAIN WOVEN C/SiC COMPOSITE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 04:42:55 GMT

题名: FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION METHOD FOR A PLAIN WOVEN C/SiC COMPOSITE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE 作者: Hou, Geng 摘要: In this study, the concept of effective stress was proposed to reflect the effect of carbon fibre oxidation on the macroscopic properties of a plain woven C/SiC composite. Based on the creep test data under constant loading at high temperature, the relationship among the growth rate of the effective stress, applied stress and temperature was established. On this basis, a fatigue life prediction method for woven C/SiC composite at high temperature was proposed based on the effective stress. After determining the effective stress of each loading cycle, the fatigue lives were predicted by using the stress -life curve (S -N curve) at room temperature and the linear damage accumulation law. The comparison between the predicted and experimental lives of the plain woven C/SiC composite showed that the proposed method has a high predicted accuracy. In addition, the fatigue lives of the C/SiC composite were also predicted by the creep damage considered method, which has been widely used for predicting the fatigue life of metallic materials under isothermal or thermo-mechanical loading, and the applicability and accuracy of this method were also discussed.

Interfaces of high- and low-speed large-scale structures in compressible turbulent mixing layers: compressibility effects and structures

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 04:42:03 GMT

题名: Interfaces of high- and low-speed large-scale structures in compressible turbulent mixing layers: compressibility effects and structures 作者: Wang, Xiaoning; Guo, Jing; Wang, Jianchun; Chen, Shiyi 摘要: Direct numerical simulations of temporally developing mixing layers have been performed to investigate the effects of compressibility on statistics and structures near the interfaces of high- and low-speed large-scale structures (LSSs), covering a range of convective Mach numbers from M-c = 0.2 to 1.8 and Taylor Reynolds numbers up to 290. The interfaces of LSSs are directly defined by the isosurface of zero fluctuating streamwise velocity. The characteristic velocity jump at the interfaces grows rapidly in the transition stage and then decreases until reaching a gradual self-similar stage. The evolution of velocity jump is evidently delayed as the convective Mach number increases. The interface layer is formed by the shearing motion of neighbouring LSSs. A small vortical motion characterized by the Kolmogorov scale is induced in the interface layer by shear-dominated outer regions. The strengths of outer shearing motion and central vortical motion are greater at the leading edge, but smaller at the trailing edge, which is also reflected in a larger velocity jump at the leading edge. As the convective Mach number increases, the small-scale vortical structure is obviously suppressed by compressibility. At high convective Mach number M-c = 1.8, the compressive shear-dominated outer regions are linked with a sheet-like structure passing through the centre of the expansion region corresponding to a small-scale vortical structure. The compressibility and shearing strength near the interface are highly dependent on the interface orientation.

Identifying Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets by Multiomic Analysis for HNSCC: Precision Medicine and Healthcare Management

Fri, 19 Jul 2024 04:33:33 GMT

题名: Identifying Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets by Multiomic Analysis for HNSCC: Precision Medicine and Healthcare Management 作者: Kunhabdulla, Hafeeda; Manas, Ram; Shettihalli, Ashok Kumar; Reddy, Ch. Ram Mohan; Mustak, Mohammed S.; Jetti, Raghu; Abdulla, Riaz; Sirigiri, Divijendranatha Reddy; Ramdan, Deden; Ammarullah, Muhammad Imam 摘要: Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the major types of cancer, with 900,000 cases and over 400,000 deaths annually. It constitutes 3-4% of all cancers in Europe and western countries. As early diagnosis is the key to treating the disease, reliable biomarkers play an important role in the precision medicine of HNSCC. Despite treatments, the survival rate of cancer patients remains unchanged, and this is mainly due to the failure to detect the disease early. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify reliable biomarkers for head and neck cancers for better healthcare management. Methods: In this study, all available, curated human genes were screened for their expression against HNSCC TCGA patient samples using genomic and proteomic data by various bioinformatic approaches and datamining. Docking studies were performed using AutoDock or online virtual screening tools for identifying potential ligands. Results: Sixty genes were short-listed, and most of them show a consistently higher expression in head and neck patient samples at both the mRNA and the protein level. Irrespective of human papillomavirus (HPV) status, all of them show a higher expression in cancer samples. The higher expression of 30 genes shows adverse effects on patient survival. Out of the 60 genes, 12 genes have crystal structures and druggable potential. We show that genes such as GTF2H4, HAUS7, MSN, and MNDA could be targets of Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, which are approved monoclonal antibodies for HNSCC. Conclusion: Sixty genes are identified as potential biomarkers for head and neck cancers based on their consistent and statistically significantly higher expression in patient samples. Four proteins have been identified as potential drug targets based on their crystal structure. However, the utility of these candidate genes has to be further tested using patient samples.